BW10: Fundamentals and Learning

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I do get a lot of questions and interesting discussions going with you here on my journal posts. In this Journal I was thinking I should try to adress the more interesting ones and clarify my thoughts on issues such as Learning and fundamentals. Fundamentals, and to Learn Fundamentals are most likely two expressions that you see and hear a lot, yet in my opinion there doesn't seem to be a very solid understanding of what it really means. I sat down earlier this week and started to sort out and solidify my own thoughts about it and share it with you. I hope you will enjoy this bi-weekly. Also, I laced the writing with the 'results' of my own fundamental studies. Please note what I said about study 'results' in bi-weekly 02: Setting up Studies. (Also, bi weeklies is such a joke considering the irregularity of them ever since I started writing them ;) )

Fundamentals

I feel like the basic concept of what fundamentals are are pretty easy to grasp, however it's the usage of the word on many different things that makes it very confusing to a lot of people. So let's start with agreeing on a definition. I like this one from the site dictionary.reference.com/brows…:
5. (noun) a basic principle, rule, law, or the like, that serves as the groundwork of a system; essential part.
TermBreak JensBengtsson02 by CaconymDesign
This was drawn after the first 15 weeks of design school. At this point, drawing in itself wasn't so much of a problem anymore, I could focus entirely on the
anatomy and details of the animals I wanted to draw. I remember that it was a great feeling.


The Fundamentals of What?

"The issue is not that you don't know how to draw humans. The issue is that you don't know how to draw. Yet."
I'm paraphrasing some wisdom my design teacher Kingston Chan Kingstons Portfolio dropped on my class in design school. One very confusing aspect of the word fundamentals, is that it can be used to describe many different skill sets even within the overarching 'artist' skill set. For example, while good understanding of human anatomy may be a fundamental of drawing humans, it kind of also requires you to be able to draw. This is something I have seen a lot on art forums, and it's when someone can spend months or even years posting more and more anatomy studies in their sketchbooks, while never really focusing on learning the fundamentals of drawing. Learning to draw humans means that you first need to learn drawing, and then need to learn what a human looks like. I think a lot of people study really hard and makes real effort into getting better, yet even though their anatomical knowledge increases, they never make much headway in drawing humans. This can apply to many things of course, but I think by far the 'drawing humans' trap is the most common. It's important to remember not only to study fundamentals, but to keep track of what the fundamental is a fundamental for. Another common example may be people who try to learn render materials or complex forms, not realising that what they need to do first is to learn the fundamentals of light (and colour, although I would recommend learning light before diving too deep into colour).

I have often made similar misstakes in my own studies, where I want to learn a specific skill but fail to analyse enough to see the even more fundamental principles I need to revisit and improve on first. Making misstakes and blunders are unavoidable, but it's important to know that traps like these exists and that you need to be analytical of your progress and that if something doesn't seem to work, then try to tackle it from other angles. The next time you feel frustrated about something, think a bit about it and see if there isn't some even more fundamental idea you need to understand before being able to learn this one properly.

Cars by CaconymDesign
In all these messy construction lines, there are two cars trying to peek through =]. Using only boxes as starting points, you
can 'sculpt' almost anything on a flat surface, including organic things like humans. Don't neglect the drawing fundamentals
if you really want to learn to draw.


What are the Fundamentals?

Listing fundamental skills is very devious, because as I explained previously it all depends on your goal. Learning anatomy isn't a bad idea as long as you make sure to also learn even more fundamental fundamentals such as perspective drawing and penmanship along with it. There are a few skills and theory that I personally constantly find that I, and other of my art friends, go back to frequently to learn more. In my own, rather uninformed, opinion the core fundamental skills you will always do well to invest time and effort in are as follow:
  • Perspective Drawing (hardcore plotting of 3d objects in 3d space)
  • Rendering (behaviour of light hitting basic forms in basic light setups)
  • Basic composition rules (the most basic rules of composition deals a lot with basic, clear communication. The more complex stuff comes later)
The more you understand of these most fundamental of fundamentals, the better and more effectively you will be able to learn even more complex ideas based on them. What applies to a cube could be refined into applying to a sphere, or a tree or a rock or an imaginary fantasy city. Knowing the fundamentals well will free your mind to focus on other, more creative aspects of doing art and design.
Perspective 01 by CaconymDesign
By doing complex drawing tasks like cast shadows from point lights, 
other complex drawings will not seem as intimidating anymore.


Learning

Next, I want to talk about learning, the first word in the common expression 'learning fundamentals'. There are especially two thing I like to say about learning, the first one is about how long time you need to spend to learn things, the second one deals with why it's important to spend that time. I think a lot of you will feel relieved after reading this to be honest, but again, this is just my own opinion about these matters.

10 000 hours...

...is kind of a meme. I watched this TED talk by Josh Kaufman (Youtube) in which he explains the origin of the '10 000 hours rule'. Personally, I have been drawing and painting for about 3 years and 3 months now. I know I've had this account for longer than that, but I never took drawing seriously as something I really wanted to get good at until July 2012. So even if I had been able to draw full time for all this time (which I haven't since I've had to work day jobs for at least half of that time) there's no way I would have been able to do 10 000 hours. the 10 00 hours rule is the time necessary to master a skill. I am nowhere near mastering drawing yet of course, but I'm good enough at it to be able to work with it. So in my experience, the 20 hour rule in order to learn anything that is presented in this video is quite accurate. Also much less intimidating. You don't need to spend 10 000 hours in order to get good at drawing. You just need to start by spending 20 hours. For example, if you spend 20 hours on learning to draw perspective, you will probably learn enough to be able to start drawing humans rather well in perspective also. So in comparison, spending 20 hours on perspective on one hand or spend a few more years in learning human anatomy in the other, which one gives the quickest and most satisfying result?
Rendering Fundamental by CaconymDesign
I recently picked up my markers after years, and I've been making these small cubes just for fun and play. When
I first had to do this in school, it was pain and suffering. Now it's effortless and fun. I could not only do it, but I
could also clearly explain the theory for my classmates while doing it. When you can do something, you want to do it ;)


Passing the First Barrier

The reason I like this 20 hour rule is that there's an initial uphill, or barrier, whenever there's something new to learn. A couple of weeks ago, I attended a lecture about learning. "We can't do it just because we want to, but we will want to do it if we can do it already" said the lecturer. Once you pass this initial barrier of learning, once you spend these first 20 hours of drawing cubes in perspective, you will start to enjoy doing it. Simply because now that you know how to do it you won't need to spend the same effort to do it! It's a fantastic feeling. And once you get there, you will be more happy to spend the next 20 hours learning the next step of the subject, because you want to reach that point where, for example, drawing ellipses in perspective is no longer causing you headache, but is effortless. And so on and on. Very good artists always seem happy to dive back into fundamental studies for this very reason, while as a beginner artist one will find it very hard to get motivated to study at all. So if you want to get good, and get good fast, then I'd recommend you to take on your first 20 hours with enthusiasm and effort, and I feel quit sure that you will be amazed at what you can do and understand once you pass that first barrier. And don't feel discouraged about the seemingly simplistic task of drawing cubes. It's better to start with something achievable, because if it's easy then you will have lot's of brainpower left to find ways to learn more and start to slowly build complexity. When drawing a cube isn't a problem anymore you will automatically start to challenge yourself by drawing cubes stacked on each other, or in different angles to the camera. Variation is endless, as is the learning potential. The best way to learn is to be playful.

Thank you for reading! Before you comment, I have a short announcement:
I am looking into the possibility of once again taking on some students for tutoring. The subjects that I think I am most proficient at teaching is applied perspective drawing (or freehand perspective drawing if you please) as well as regular perspective drawing and presentation skills. This is what I was teaching the last time I had a student. A session would include critique and feedback, q and a and short theoretical demos and explanations. The hour long session rate would be 36 Euros, with the option that you can team up with one friend for the same total rate (18 per person in other words), but not more than two students at the same time or it would get messy. For now, this is only a possibility I'm looking over, but if you are interested then send me an email at jensbeng@gmail.com so I can see if there's any interest at all. Or you could comment below, but if you send an email, I can respond directly as soon as I have decided whether to pursue tutoring again or not. Thank you, and I hope you all have a good week!
Edit April 24, 2019: for more current information about tutoring see Tutoring - Sketch in Perspective

Animals by CaconymDesign
This is another study I did during fundamental training in school. Once you know enough perspective, and enough about light it's possible to start to train your
understanding of both at the same time. This still isn't 'good' in the result, but exercises like these were what stimulated my growing understanding of 'how to art'



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notthatexcited's avatar
this is interesting man. i'd like to ask what do you think of observational/measured drawing. Like simple objects on a composition etc. was it stressed at all at feng zhu school? How did you train your eye?